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CHEERS 2022 Reporting Checklist, Annotated

The 28 items of the CHEERS 2022 reporting standard for health economic evaluations, with plain-language notes on what each item asks for and the gaps reviewers most often find.

PDFUpdated 30 September 2026Economic evaluation & HTA

What's inside

  • What CHEERS 2022 is and when to use it
  • All 28 items, grouped by report section
  • A plain-language note on each item
  • The gaps reviewers most often find
  • How to use the checklist while writing, not only at the end

Key points

  1. 01CHEERS 2022 has 28 items covering the title, abstract, methods, results, discussion, funding and conflicts of interest.
  2. 02New items in the 2022 version include the health economic analysis plan, distributional effects and engagement with patients and others.
  3. 03CHEERS is a reporting standard, not a methods guide; it asks you to report what you did and why.
  4. 04Use the item numbers to show reviewers where each item is reported.

Frequently asked questions

What is CHEERS 2022?

The Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards 2022, a 28-item checklist for reporting health economic evaluations, published in 2022 in several journals including the BMJ and Value in Health.

Does following CHEERS make a study good?

No. CHEERS helps readers understand and assess what was done. The quality of the methods is a separate question, addressed by methods guidance and reference cases.

Where can I get the official checklist?

From the CHEERS 2022 statement and the EQUATOR Network, which hosts the checklist. This annotated version is a companion, not a replacement.

Need this done properly?

This guide explains the method. If you would rather have the analysis done for you — with local data, independent quality control and a report you can defend — we can help.

Need this done properly?

Tell us about the decision you need to support. We will propose a scope, timeline and price.

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